What is the purpose of a router in a network?

The purpose of a router in a network is to forward data packets between computer networks. Routers play a crucial role in managing the flow of information, directing data packets from one network to another based on their destination IP addresses. This functionality allows devices on separate networks to communicate with each other efficiently, ensuring that the data takes the most appropriate path through the interconnected infrastructure of the internet or internal networks. By examining various routing tables and protocols, the router determines the best route for data transmission.

In contrast, while some routers may have features related to encryption, such as VPN support, this is not their primary function. A router does not typically store data for later use; rather, it processes data packets in real-time as they pass through. Additionally, while routers can provide some metrics on connection speeds, their main role is to manage data traffic rather than analyze it for speed. Understanding this core function helps clarify the fundamental purpose of routers in networking.